The Demographic Assessment for Health Literacy (DAHL): A New Tool for Estimating Associations between Health Literacy and Outcomes in National Surveys

This 2008 article by Amresh D. Hanchate et al. imputes limited health literacy from commonly measured socio-demographic data and compares it to the Short-Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA) for estimating the influence of limited health literacy on health status in the elderly.